Na mgbakwunye na usoro ihe, ihe ndị ọzọ ịgbado ọkụ usoro ihe, dị ka uzo size na ọdịiche size, ọchịchọ n'akuku nke electrode na workpiece, na ohere ọnọdụ nke nkwonkwo, nwekwara ike imetụta weld guzobe na weld size.
Ngwá ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ Xinfa nwere njirimara dị elu na ọnụ ala dị ala. Maka nkọwa, biko gaa na:Ndị na-emepụta ịgbado ọkụ na ịkpụ - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
1. Mmetụta nke ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na ịgbado ọkụ onuete guzobe
N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka arc ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na-abawanye, penetration omimi na ihe fọdụrụ elu nke weld na-abawanye, na penetration obosara na-abawanye ubé. Ihe kpatara ya bụ ndị a:
Ka arc ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na-abawanye, ike arc na-arụ ọrụ na weldment na-abawanye, ntinye ọkụ nke arc na weldment na-abawanye, na ọnọdụ ebe okpomọkụ na-agbada ala, nke na-eme ka ikpo ọkụ na-eduga na omimi nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ ma na-abawanye. omimi nke ntinye. The penetration omimi bụ ihe hà nhata na ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a, ya bụ, weld penetration omimi H bụ mkpokọta hà Km×I.
2) The agbaze ọsọ nke arc ịgbado ọkụ isi ma ọ bụ ịgbado ọkụ waya bụ nhata ka ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a. Ka ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a nke arc ịgbado ọkụ na-abawanye, agbaze ọsọ nke ịgbado ọkụ waya na-abawanye, na ego nke ịgbado ọkụ waya gbazee na-abawanye mkpokọta proportionally, mgbe agbaze obosara na-abawanye obere, otú weld nkwado na-abawanye.
3) Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na-abawanye, dayameta nke kọlụm arc na-abawanye, mana omimi nke arc na-abanye n'ime ihe arụ ọrụ na-abawanye, na ebe a na-agagharị agagharị nke ntụpọ arc dị oke, ya mere mmụba na-agbaze obosara dị ntakịrị.
N'oge ịgbado ọkụ gas kpuchiri elu, ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na-abawanye na omimi ntinye weld na-abawanye. Ọ bụrụ na ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a buru ibu na njupụta ugbu a dị oke elu, ntinye dị ka mkpịsị aka nwere ike ime, karịsịa mgbe a na-agbado aluminum.
2. Mmetụta nke arc voltaji na ịgbado ọkụ onuete guzobe
Mgbe ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ doro anya, ịba ụba voltaji arc ga-eme ka ike arc dịkwuo mma, na ntinye ọkụ na welded ga-abawanye. Otú ọ dị, a na-enweta mmụba nke voltaji arc site n'ịbawanye ogologo arc. Mmụba nke ogologo arc na-eme ka radius na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ọkụ, na-eme ka nkwụsị ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ma na-ebelata ike ike nke ntinye ntinye. Ya mere, omimi ntinye na-ebelata ntakịrị ka omimi ntinye na-abawanye. N'otu oge ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe, na-agbaze ego nke ịgbado ọkụ waya na-anọgide isi agbanwebeghị, na-eme ka weld nkwado ibelata.
A na-eji ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche iji nweta nhazi nke ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, ya bụ, iji nọgide na-enwe ọnụ ahịa ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị na-akpụ ọnụọgụ φ, yana ịbawanye voltaji arc nke ọma ka ọ na-abawanye ugbu a ịgbado ọkụ. Ọ chọrọ ka arc voltaji na ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a nwere mmekọrịta dabara adaba. . Nke a na-adịkarị na ịgbado ọkụ igwe.
3. Mmetụta nke ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ na weld guzobe
N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ịba ụba nke ịgbado ọkụ ga-eduga mbelata nke ịgbado ọkụ ntinye, si otú ibelata ma weld obosara na penetration omimi. Ebe ọ bụ na ego nke metal nkwụnye ego nke waya kwa unit ogologo weld bụ inversely nhata na ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ, weld nkwado na-ebelata.
Ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-egosi maka ịlele nrụpụta ịgbado ọkụ. Iji meziwanye nrụpụta ịgbado ọkụ, ekwesịrị ịbawanye ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ. Agbanyeghị, iji hụ na nha weld achọrọ na nhazi nhazi, ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na voltaji arc ga-abawanye n'otu aka ahụ ka ọ na-abawanye ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ atọ ndị a nwere njikọ. N'otu oge ahụ, e kwesịkwara icheta na mgbe ịba ụba nke ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a, arc voltaji, na ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ (ya bụ, iji elu-ike ịgbado ọkụ arc na elu ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ), ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ nwere ike ime n'oge e guzobere nke gbazere. ọdọ mmiri na usoro siri ike nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, dị ka aru. N'ọnụ, mgbawa, wdg, ya mere enwere oke na ịbawanye ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ.
4. Mmetụta nke ịgbado ọkụ ụdị ugbu a na polarity na electrode size on weld guzobe
1. Ụdị na polarity nke ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a
A na-ekewa ụdị ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na DC na AC. N'ime ha, DC arc ịgbado ọkụ na-ekewa n'ime mgbe nile DC na pulsed DC dị ka ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nke pulses nke ugbu a; dị ka polarity, ọ na-ekewa n'ime DC n'ihu njikọ (weldment na-ejikọta na nti) na DC agbara njikọ (weldment jikọọ na-adịghị mma). A na-ekewa ịgbado ọkụ AC n'ime sine wave AC na square wave AC dịka ụdị ebili mmiri dị ugbu a si dị. Ụdị na polarity nke ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na-emetụta ọnụọgụ ọkụ site na arc na weldment, si otú ahụ na-emetụta nhazi weld. Ọ nwekwara ike imetụta usoro mbufe droplet na mwepụ nke ihe nkiri oxide n'elu ala nke metal ala.
Mgbe a na-eji tungsten arc ịgbado ọkụ na-agbado ígwè, titanium na ihe ndị ọzọ metal, ntinye omimi nke weld a kpụrụ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu mgbe ejikọtara ugbu a kpọmkwem, ntinye bụ nke kacha nta mgbe ejikọrọ kpọmkwem ugbu a, na AC dị n'etiti. abuo. Ebe ọ bụ na ntinye nke weld bụ nke kachasị n'oge njikọ dị ugbu a na tungsten electrode na-ere ọkụ bụ nke kacha nta, a ghaghị iji njikọ dị ugbu a mee ihe mgbe ị na-agbado ígwè, titanium na ihe ndị ọzọ na ígwè na tungsten electrode argon arc welding. Mgbe tungsten argon arc ịgbado ọkụ na-eji pulsed DC ịgbado ọkụ, na usu parameters nwere ike gbanwee, otú ịgbado ọkụ onuete akpụ size nwere ike ịchịkwa dị ka mkpa. Mgbe ị na-agbado aluminum, magnesium na alloys ha na tungsten arc welding, ọ dị mkpa iji mmetụta nhicha nke cathodic nke arc na-ehicha ihe nkiri oxide n'elu ihe isi. Ọ ka mma iji AC. Ebe ọ bụ na paramita waveform nke square ife AC bụ mgbanwe, mmetụta ịgbado ọkụ ka mma. .
N'oge ịgbado ọkụ metal arc, weld penetration omimi na obosara na DC reverse njikọ bụ ibu karịa ndị na kpọmkwem njikọ ugbu a, na penetration omimi na obosara na AC ịgbado ọkụ bụ n'etiti abụọ. Ya mere, n'oge submerged arc ịgbado ọkụ, DC reverse njikọ na-eji nweta ukwuu penetration; mgbe n'ime mmiri arc surfacing ịgbado ọkụ, DC n'ihu njikọ na-eji ibelata penetration. N'oge ịgbado ọkụ gas na-echebe arc, omimi ntinye abụghị naanị ibu n'oge njikọ njikọ DC, kamakwa usoro ịgbado ọkụ na usoro mbufe droplet kwụsiri ike karịa ndị n'oge njikọ dị ugbu a na AC, yana ọ nwekwara mmetụta nhicha cathode, yabụ na ọ nwere mmetụta dị ọcha. a na-eji ọtụtụ ebe, ebe DC na-ebugharị njikọ na nkwurịta okwu anaghị adịkarị eji.
2. Mmetụta nke tungsten n'ọnụ n'ọnụ udi, waya dayameta na ogologo ndọtị
Nkuku na udi nke tungsten electrode n'ihu njedebe nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ntinye arc na arc arc, na a ga-ahọrọ dịka nha nke ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na ọkpụrụkpụ nke weldment. N'ozuzu, ka arc na-etinyekwu uche ma na-abawanye nrụgide arc, na-abawanye omimi ntinye na mbelata kwekọrọ na obosara ntinye.
N'oge ịgbado ọkụ gas metal arc, mgbe ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na-adịgide adịgide, na-eme ka waya ịgbado ọkụ na-adịwanye njọ, ka ọkụ ọkụ na-etinyekwu uche ga-adị, omimi ntinye ga-abawanye, obosara ntinye ga-ebelata. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ dayameta waya ịgbado ọkụ na ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ n'ezie, nha dị ugbu a na udi ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ ga-atụlekwa iji zere nhazi weld na-adịghị mma.
Mgbe ndọtị ogologo nke ịgbado ọkụ waya na gas metal arc ịgbado ọkụ na-abawanye, ndị na-eguzogide okpomọkụ eme site ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a site na ogologo akụkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ waya na-abawanye, nke na-eme ka agbaze ọsọ nke ịgbado ọkụ waya, otú weld nkwado na-abawanye na omimi ntinye na-ebelata. Ebe ọ bụ na resistivity nke ígwè ịgbado ọkụ waya dịtụ nnukwu, mmetụta nke ndọtị ogologo nke ịgbado ọkụ waya na ịgbado ọkụ onuete guzobe ọzọ doro anya na ígwè na ezi waya ịgbado ọkụ. The resistivity nke aluminum ịgbado ọkụ waya bụ dịtụ obere na mmetụta ya adịghị ịrịba. Ọ bụ ezie na ịba ụba ogologo ogologo nke eriri ịgbado ọkụ nwere ike melite ọnụọgụ agbaze nke waya ịgbado ọkụ, na-atụle nkwụsi ike nke agbaze nke waya ịgbado ọkụ na nguzobe nke eriri weld, enwere ike ịme mgbanwe dị iche iche na ogologo ndọtị ogologo. waya ịgbado ọkụ.
5. Mmetụta nke usoro ihe ndị ọzọ na ịgbado ọkụ onuete akpụ ihe
Na mgbakwunye na nke e kwuru n'elu usoro ihe, ndị ọzọ ịgbado ọkụ usoro ihe, dị ka uzo size na ọdịiche size, ọchịchọ n'akuku nke electrode na workpiece, na ohere ọnọdụ nke nkwonkwo, nwekwara ike imetụta weld guzobe na weld size.
1. Grooves na oghere
Mgbe a na-eji arc welding welding butt joint, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-edobe oghere, nha nke oghere ahụ, na ụdị nke oghere na-ekpebikarị dabere na ọkpụrụkpụ nke efere welded. Mgbe ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide, na-ebuwanye ibu nke oghere ma ọ bụ ọdịiche, ntanye nkwado nke welded seam, nke kwekọrọ na mbelata na ọnọdụ nke weld seam, na n'oge a fusion ratio na-ebelata. Ya mere, enwere ike iji ịhapụ oghere ma ọ bụ oghere oghere iji chịkwaa nha nke nkwado ahụ ma mezie nha nha. E jiri ya tụnyere beveling na-ahapụghị oghere, ọnọdụ ikpo ọkụ ọkụ nke abụọ ahụ dịtụ iche. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọnọdụ crystallization nke beveling na-aka mma.
2. Electrode (welding waya) n'akuku n'aka
N'oge ịgbado ọkụ arc, dị ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti electrode tilt direction na welding direction, ọ na-ekewa ụzọ abụọ: electrode forward tilt na electrode azụ tilt. Mgbe waya ịgbado ọkụ gbatịrị, arc axis na-ehulatakwa ya. Mgbe waya ịgbado ọkụ na-atụgharị n'ihu, mmetụta nke ike arc na nkwụghachi azụ nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ na-ebelata, oyi akwa metal nke dị n'okpuru ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ na-abawanye, omimi ntinye na-ebelata, omimi nke arc na-abanye n'ime ya. n'ime weldment mbelata, arc ntụpọ ije nso gbasaa, na gbazee obosara na-abawanye, na coheight mbelata. Obere nkuku ihu α nke waya ịgbado ọkụ, ka mmetụta a pụtakwara ìhè. Mgbe waya ịgbado ọkụ na-echigharịkwuru azụ, ọnọdụ bụ iche. Mgbe ị na-eji electrode arc ịgbado ọkụ, a na-ejikarị usoro eletrọd azụ-tilt, na nkuku anya α dị n'etiti 65° na 80°.
3. Mmasị n'akuku weldment
A na-ezute tilt nke weldment na nrụpụta n'ezie, enwere ike kewaa ya na ịgbado ọkụ dị elu na mgbado ala. N'oge a, ọla ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ na-agbadata n'akụkụ mkpọda n'okpuru ọrụ ike ndọda. N'oge ịgbado ọkụ n'elu ugwu, ike ndọda na-enyere igwe ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ na-aga n'azụ ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, ya mere omimi ntinye ya buru ibu, obosara nke gbazere dị warara, ma ịdị elu nke fọdụrụ buru ibu. Mgbe elu elu α dị 6 ° ruo 12 °, nkwado ahụ dị oke ibu na n'okpuru ya na-adịkarị mfe ime n'akụkụ abụọ. N'oge ịgbado ọkụ nke mgbada, mmetụta a na-egbochi igwe dị n'ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ ka a ghara ibupụ ya n'azụ ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. Akụ ahụ enweghị ike ikpo ọkụ dị n'ime ala nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. Omimi nbanye na-ebelata, ogo mmegharị ntụpọ arc na-agbasawanye, obosara a wụrụ awụ na-abawanye, na ịdị elu nke fọdụrụ na-ebelata. Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ ọchịchọ nke weldment ahụ buru ibu, ọ ga-eduga n'ịbanye ezughị ezu na njupụta nke ígwè mmiri mmiri na ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ.
4. Weldment ihe na ọkpụrụkpụ
The weld penetration metụtara ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a, nakwa dị ka thermal conductivity na volumetric okpomọkụ ike nke ihe. Nke ka mma nke thermal conductivity nke ihe onwunwe na ike ka volumetric okpomọkụ ike, otú ahụ ka okpomọkụ na-achọrọ agbaze unit olu nke metal na welie otu okpomọkụ. Ya mere, n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ dị ka ịgbado ọkụ ugbu a na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, penetration omimi na obosara ga-dị nnọọ ibelata. Ka ukwuu njupụta nke ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ viscosity nke mmiri mmiri, ka ọ na-esikwu ike na arc na-ewepụ mmiri mmiri gbazee ọdọ mmiri metal, na shallower na penetration omimi. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke weldment na-emetụta nduzi nke okpomọkụ n'ime weldment. Mgbe ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ bụ otu, ọkpụrụkpụ nke weldment na-abawanye, ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na-abawanye, na obosara ntinye na ntinye omimi na-ebelata.
5. Flux, mkpuchi electrode na mkpuchi gas
Ngwakọta dị iche iche nke flux ma ọ bụ mkpuchi electrode na-eduga na voltaji voltaji dị iche iche na kọlụm arc nwere ike gradients nke arc, nke ga-emetụta nguzobe nke weld. Mgbe njupụta njupụta dị ntakịrị, nha nha ahụ buru ibu, ma ọ bụ ịdị elu nke stacking dị ntakịrị, nrụgide gburugburu arc dị ala, kọlụm arc na-agbasawanye, ntụpọ arc na-agagharị n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, yabụ omimi ntinye dị obere. obosara na-agbaze bụ nnukwu, na ihe fọdụrụ dị elu dị ntakịrị. Mgbe ị na-agbado akụkụ gbara ọkpụrụkpụ nke nwere ike ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, iji pumice dị ka flux nwere ike ibelata nrụgide arc, belata omimi ntinye, wee bulie obosara ntinye. Na mgbakwunye, slag ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị inwe viscosity kwesịrị ekwesị na okpomọkụ na-agbaze. Ọ bụrụ na viscosity dị oke elu ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ na-agbaze dị elu, slag ga-enwe ike ikuku na-adịghị mma, ọ dịkwa mfe ịmepụta ọtụtụ olulu nrụgide n'elu weld, na nrụrụ elu nke weld ga-adị njọ.
Ngwakọta nke gas na-echebe (dị ka Ar, He, N2, CO2) eji mee ihe na ịgbado ọkụ arc dị iche iche, yana njirimara anụ ahụ ya dị ka conductivity thermal dị iche iche, nke na-emetụta mbelata nrụgide pola nke arc, ike nke nwere ike ịdị na ya. kọlụm arc, akụkụ obe na-eduzi nke kọlụm arc, na ike eruba plasma. , kpọmkwem okpomọkụ eruba nkesa, wdg, niile nke na-emetụta e guzobere weld.
Na nkenke, enwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta nhazi weld. Iji nweta ezigbo weld e guzobere, ịkwesịrị ịhọrọ dabere na ihe na ọkpụrụkpụ nke weldment, ọnọdụ oghere nke weld, ụdị nkwonkwo, ọnọdụ ọrụ, ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ịrụ ọrụ nkwonkwo na nha weld, wdg. Ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị na A na-eji ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ eme ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ, na ihe kacha mkpa bụ àgwà welder n'ebe ịgbado ọkụ! Ma ọ bụghị ya, ịgbado ọkụ onuete guzobe na arụmọrụ nwere ike ọ gaghị ezute ihe a chọrọ, na dị iche iche ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ pụrụ ọbụna ime.
Oge nzipu: Feb-27-2024
