N'ihi na ịgbado ọkụ waya nwere Si, Mn, S, P, Cr, Al, Ti, Mo, V na ndị ọzọ alloying ọcha. A kọwara mmetụta nke ihe ndị a alloying na arụmọrụ ịgbado ọkụ n'okpuru:
Silikon (Si)
Silicon bụ ihe a na-ejikarị deoxidizing eme ihe na waya ịgbado ọkụ, ọ nwere ike igbochi ígwè ijikọta ya na oxidation, ma nwee ike ibelata FeO na ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji silicon deoxidation naanị ya, SiO2 na-esi na ya nwere ebe mgbaze dị elu (ihe dị ka 1710 Celsius C), na ihe ndị na-esi na ya pụta dị ntakịrị, na-eme ka o sie ike ịfe n'elu ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, nke nwere ike ime ka ọ dị mfe itinye slag n'ime mmiri. ígwè weld.
Manganese (Mn)
Mmetụta manganese yiri nke silicon, ma ike deoxidation ya dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke silicon. Iji manganese deoxidation naanị, MnO emepụtara nwere njupụta dị elu (15.11g/cm3), ọ naghị adịkwa mfe isi n'ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. Manganese dị na waya ịgbado ọkụ, na mgbakwunye na deoxidation, nwekwara ike ikpokọta na sọlfọ na-emepụta manganese sulfide (MnS), ma wepụ (desulfurization), n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike ibelata ọchịchọ nke na-ekpo ọkụ cracks kpatara sọlfọ. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-eji silicon na manganese mee ihe naanị maka deoxidation, ọ na-esiri ike iwepụ ngwaahịa ndị ahụ deoxidized. Ya mere, a na-ejikarị deoxidation silicon-manganese eme ihe ugbu a, nke mere na SiO2 na MnO nwere ike ịmepụta ya n'ime silicate (MnO·SiO2). MnO·SiO2 nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala (ihe dị ka 1270 Celsius) yana njupụta dị ala (ihe dịka 3.6g/cm3), ma nwee ike ịgbanye n'ime nnukwu iberibe slag wee fepụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ iji nweta mmetụta deoxidation dị mma. Manganese bụkwa ihe dị mkpa alloying element na ígwè na ihe dị mkpa hardening mmewere, nke nwere nnukwu mmetụta na ike nke weld metal. Mgbe ọdịnaya Mn erughị 0.05%, ike nke weld metal dị elu nke ukwuu; mgbe ọdịnaya Mn karịrị 3%, ọ na-agbaji; mgbe ọdịnaya Mn bụ 0.6-1.8%, igwe weld nwere ike na ike dị elu.
Sulfur (S)
Sulfur na-adịkarị n'ụdị sulfide ígwè na ígwè, ma na-ekesa na oke ọka n'ụdị netwọk, si otú ahụ na-ebelata ike nke ígwè. Okpomọkụ eutectic nke ígwè gbakwunyere iron sulfide dị ala (985°C). Ya mere, n'oge na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ, ebe ọ bụ na nhazi mmalite okpomọkụ bụ n'ozuzu 1150-1200 Celsius C, na eutectic nke ígwè na ígwè sulfide agbaze, na-akpata cracking n'oge nhazi, a onu bụ ihe a na-akpọ "ọkụ embrittlement nke sọlfọ" . Ihe onwunwe a nke sọlfọ na-eme ka ígwè na-emepụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ. Ya mere, ọdịnaya nke sọlfọ dị na ígwè na-achịkwa nke ọma. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ígwè carbon nkịtị, carbon ígwè dị elu na ígwè dị elu dị elu bụ ọnụọgụ sọlfọ na phosphorus. Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, manganese nwere mmetụta desulfurization, n'ihi na manganese nwere ike ịmepụta manganese sulfide (MnS) na ebe mgbaze dị elu (1600 Celsius C) na sọlfọ, nke a na-ekesa na ọka n'ụdị granular. N'oge ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ, manganese sulfide nwere plastik zuru oke, si otú a na-ewepụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke sọlfọ. Ya mere, ọ bara uru ịnọgide na-enwe ụfọdụ manganese na ígwè.
Phosphorus (P)
Enwere ike gbazekwa phosphorus kpamkpam na ferrite na nchara. Mmetụta ike ya na ígwè bụ nke abụọ na carbon, nke na-abawanye ike na ike nke ígwè. Phosphorus nwere ike imeziwanye nguzogide corrosion nke ígwè, ebe plasticity na ike na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Karịsịa na obere okpomọkụ, mmetụta dị njọ karị, nke a na-akpọ oyi ikpere ikpere nke phosphorus. Ya mere, ọ dịghị mma ịgbado ọkụ na-abawanye mgbawa uche nke ígwè. Dị ka adịghị ọcha, ọdịnaya nke phosphorus na ígwè kwesịkwara ịbụ oke.
Chromium (Cr)
Chromium nwere ike ịbawanye ike na isi ike nke ígwè na-ebelataghị plasticity na ike. Chromium nwere nguzogide corrosion siri ike yana nguzogide acid, yabụ austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara n'ozuzu nwere chromium (karịa 13%). Chromium nwekwara nguzogide oxidation siri ike yana nguzogide okpomọkụ. Ya mere, a na-ejikwa chromium n'ọtụtụ ebe na ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, dị ka 12CrMo, 15CrMo 5CrMo na ndị ọzọ. Steel nwere ụfọdụ chromium [7]. Chromium bụ ihe dị mkpa mejupụtara nchara austenitic na ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, nke nwere ike melite nguzogide oxidation na ihe eji arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu na ígwè alloy. Na austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, mgbe ngụkọta ego nke chromium na nickel bụ 40%, mgbe Cr / Ni = 1, e nwere ọchịchọ nke na-ekpo ọkụ cracking; mgbe Cr/Ni = 2.7, ọ dịghị ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Ya mere, mgbe Cr / Ni = 2.2 ka 2.3 n'ozuzu 18-8 ígwè, chromium dị mfe na-emepụta carbides na alloy ígwè, nke na-eme ka okpomọkụ conduction nke alloy ígwè njọ, na chromium oxide dị mfe ịmepụta, nke na-eme ka ịgbado ọkụ siri ike.
Aluminom (AI)
Aluminom bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị siri ike deoxidizing, n'ihi ya, iji aluminum dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị nanị na-emepụta FeO dị ntakịrị, kamakwa ọ dị mfe belata FeO, na-egbochi mmeghachi omume kemịkal nke CO gas na-emepụta n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, ma melite ikike iguzogide CO. pores. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, aluminom nwekwara ike ijikọta na nitrogen iji dozie nitrogen, n'ihi ya, ọ pụkwara ibelata pores nitrogen. Otú ọ dị, site na aluminom deoxidation, Al2O3 na-esi na ya pụta nwere ebe mgbaze dị elu (ihe dị ka 2050 Celsius C), ma dị na ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ na steeti siri ike, nke nwere ike ime ka ntinye slag na weld. N'otu oge ahụ, waya ịgbado ọkụ nwere aluminum dị mfe ime ka spatter, na elu aluminum ọdịnaya ga-ebelata thermal cracking iguzogide nke weld metal, ya mere aluminom ọdịnaya na ịgbado ọkụ waya ga-siri ike na-achịkwa na ekwesịghị ịbụ kwa. ukwuu. Ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa ọdịnaya aluminom dị na waya ịgbado ọkụ nke ọma, a ga-emeziwanye ike siri ike, ebe mkpụrụ na ike ike nke igwe weld.
Titanium (Ti)
Titanium bụkwa mmewere deoxidizing siri ike, ọ nwekwara ike iji nitrogen mee TiN iji dozie nitrogen ma melite ikike nke weld metal iguzogide pores nitrogen. Ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya nke Ti na B (boron) dị na nhazi weld kwesịrị ekwesị, a ga-eme ka ọkpụkpụ weld dịkwuo mma.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Molybdenum na alloy ígwè nwere ike imeziwanye ike na ike nke ígwè, nụchaa ọka, na-egbochi iwe ọkụ na oke ọkụ, na-eme ka ike okpomọkụ dị elu, ike na-akpụ akpụ na ike na-adịgide adịgide, na mgbe ọdịnaya molybdenum na-erughị 0.6%, ọ nwere ike imeziwanye plasticity, na-ebelata. ọchịchọ ịgbawa ma na-eme ka mmetụta siri ike dịkwuo mma. Molybdenum na-akwalite graphitization. Ya mere, molybdenum n'ozuzu nke nwere okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ígwè dị ka 16Mo, 12CrMo, 15CrMo, wdg nwere ihe dịka 0.5% molybdenum. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke molybdenum na alloy ígwè bụ 0.6-1.0%, molybdenum ga-ebelata plasticity na siri ike nke alloy ígwè na-amụba quenching ọchịchọ nke alloy ígwè.
Vanadium (V)
Vanadium nwere ike ịbawanye ike nke ígwè, nụchaa ọka, belata ọchịchọ nke uto ọka, ma melite ike. Vanadium bụ ihe na-emepụta carbide siri ike, yana carbide ndị a kpụrụ akpụ kwụsiri ike n'okpuru 650 Celsius. Mmetụta hardening oge. Vanadium carbides nwere nkwụsi ike dị elu nke okpomọkụ, nke nwere ike imeziwanye okpomọkụ siri ike nke ígwè. Vanadium nwere ike ịgbanwe nkesa nke carbide na ígwè, ma vanadium dị mfe ịmepụta oxides refractory, nke na-eme ka ihe isi ike nke ịgbado ọkụ gas na ịcha gas. N'ozuzu, mgbe ọdịnaya vanadium n'ime eriri weld dị ihe dịka 0.11%, ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na nhazi nitrogen, na-atụgharị na-adịghị mma.
Oge nzipu: Mar-22-2023
