Ịgbado ọkụ, nke a makwaara dị ka ịgbado ọkụ ma ọ bụ ịgbado ọkụ, bụ usoro mmepụta na nkà na ụzụ nke na-eji okpomọkụ, okpomọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ nrụgide dị elu iji jikọta ígwè ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ dị ka plastik. Dị ka ọnọdụ nke ígwè dị na usoro ịgbado ọkụ na njirimara nke usoro ahụ, a pụrụ kewaa ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ n'ime ụzọ atọ: welding welding, pressure welding and brazing.
Ngwakọta ịgbado ọkụ – kpo oku workpieces ka ejikọta ya mee ka ha gbazee akụkụ ka ọ bụrụ ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, na ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ na-ajụkwa ma gbasie ike tupu ịbanye. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe ndochi iji nyere aka
1. Laser ịgbado ọkụ
Ịgbado ọkụ nke laser na-eji ọkụ laser lekwasịrị anya dị ka isi iyi ike iji kpoo ọkụ maka ịgbado ọkụ. Ọ nwere ike weld dị iche iche metal ihe na-abụghị metal ihe dị ka carbon ígwè, silicon steel, aluminum na titanium na ha alloys, tungsten, molybdenum na ndị ọzọ refractory ọla na disyiri ọla, yana ceramik, iko na plastics. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ya na ngwa eletrọnịkị, ụgbọ elu, ikuku ikuku, ihe nrụpụta nuklia na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Mgbado ọkụ laser nwere njirimara ndị a:
(1) Ike njupụta nke laser beam dị elu, usoro ikpo ọkụ dị oke mkpụmkpụ, nkwonkwo solder dị ntakịrị, mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emetụta dị warara, nrụrụ ịgbado ọkụ dị obere, na nha nha nha nke welding dị elu;
(2) Ọ nwere ike ịgbado ihe ndị siri ike ịgbado site na ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ nke oge ochie, dị ka ọla na-agbado ọkụ dị ka tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, na zirconium;
(3) Enwere ike ịgbanye ọla ndị na-abụghị ígwè na ikuku na-enweghị gas nchebe ọzọ;
(4) Ngwá ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya na ọnụ ahịa dị elu.
2. gas ịgbado ọkụ
A na-ejikarị gas ịgbado ọkụ na ịgbado ọkụ nke mkpa ígwè efere, ala agbaze ebe ihe (na-abụghị ferrous ọla na ha alloys), nkedo ígwè akụkụ na ike alloy ngwaọrụ, nakwa dị ka ịrụzi ịgbado ọkụ nke eyi na scrapped akụkụ, ire ọkụ mgbazi nke akụrụngwa. nrụrụ, wdg.
3. Arc ịgbado ọkụ
Enwere ike kewaa n'ime akwụkwọ ịgbado ọkụ n'aka yana ịgbado ọkụ n'okpuru mmiri
(1) Akwụkwọ ntuziaka arc ịgbado ọkụ nwere ike ịrụ multi-ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ dị ka flat ịgbado ọkụ, vetikal ịgbado ọkụ, kehoraizin ịgbado ọkụ na n'elu ịgbado ọkụ. Na mgbakwunye, n'ihi na akụrụngwa ịgbado ọkụ arc bụ obere ma na-agbanwe agbanwe na njikwa, enwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ n'ebe ọ bụla nwere ike ọkọnọ. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịgbado ọkụ nke ihe igwe dị iche iche, ọkpụrụkpụ dị iche iche na ụdị nhazi dị iche iche;
(2) Igwe ịgbado ọkụ n'okpuru mmiri na-adabara naanị maka ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ dị larịị, ọ dịkwaghị mma maka ịgbado efere dị mkpa nke nwere ọkpụrụkpụ na-erughị 1mm. N'ihi ntinye miri emi nke ịgbado ọkụ submerged arc, nrụpụta dị elu na nnukwu ọrụ mechanized, ọ dabara adaba maka ịgbado ogologo welds nke ọkara na nnukwu efere. Ihe ndị nwere ike ịgbado site na ịgbado ọkụ arc nke dị n'okpuru ebe a na-emepụta site na carbon structural steel to low alloy structural steel, igwe anaghị agba nchara, nchara na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, wdg, yana ụfọdụ ọla ndị na-adịghị ferrous, dị ka nickel dabeere alloys, titanium. alloys, na ọla kọpa alloys.
4. gas ịgbado ọkụ
Arc ịgbado ọkụ nke na-eji mpụga gas dị ka arc ọkara ma na-echebe arc na ebe ịgbado ọkụ ka a na-akpọ gas shielded arc ịgbado ọkụ, ma ọ bụ gas ịgbado ọkụ maka nkenke. A na-ekewakarị ịgbado ọkụ eletrik ka ọ bụrụ electrode na-adịghị agbaze (tungsten electrode) ikuku inert gas na-ekpuchi ịgbado ọkụ na ịgbaze electrode gas na-ekpuchi ịgbado ọkụ, oxidizing ngwakọta gas na-echebe ịgbado ọkụ, CO2 gas na-echebe ịgbado ọkụ na tubular waya gas na-agbado ịgbado ọkụ dị ka ma electrode a wụrụ awụ ma ọ bụ. ọ bụghị na gas na-echebe dị iche iche.
N'ime ha, enwere ike iji ịgbado ọkụ na-enweghị ike ịgbado ọkụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọla na alloys niile, mana n'ihi ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu, a na-ejikarị ya maka ịgbado ọla ndị na-abụghị ferrous dị ka aluminom, magnesium, titanium na ọla kọpa. nakwa dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ígwè. Na mgbakwunye na isi uru nke anaghị agbaze electrode gas na-agbado ịgbado ọkụ (nwere ike welded n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche; adabara ịgbado ọkụ nke ọtụtụ ọla dị ka ndị na-abụghị ferrous ọla, igwe anaghị agba nchara, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ígwè, carbon ígwè, na alloy ígwè). , Ọ na-nwere uru nke ngwa ngwa ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ na elu deposition arụmọrụ.
5. Plasma arc ịgbado ọkụ
A na-eji arc Plasma eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ịgbado ọkụ, eserese na n'elu. Ọ nwere ike welding thinner na thinner workpieces (dị ka ịgbado ọkụ nke oké mkpa ọla n'okpuru 1mm).
6. Electroslag ịgbado ọkụ
Electroslag welding nwere ike welding dị iche iche carbon structural steels, obere alloy elu-ike steels, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ígwè na ọkara alloy steels, na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na mmepụta nke ji esi mmiri ọkụ, nrụgide arịa, arọ ígwè, metallurgical akụrụngwa na ụgbọ mmiri. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ịgbado ọkụ elektrọnslag maka ịgbado oghere na nrụzi ịgbado ọkụ.
7. Electron doo ịgbado ọkụ
Akụrụngwa ịgbado ọkụ eletrik dị mgbagwoju anya, dị oke ọnụ, ma chọọ nlekọta dị elu; ihe mgbakọ chọrọ nke weldments dị elu, na nha na-ejedebe site na nha nke oghere oghere; Achọrọ nchekwa X-ray. Electron doo ịgbado ọkụ ike ga-eji weld ọtụtụ ọla na alloys na workpieces chọrọ obere deformation na elu àgwà. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji elektrọn beam ịgbado ọkụ n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngwa nkenke, mita na ụlọ ọrụ eletrọnịkị.
Brazing-Iji ihe igwe nwere ihe mgbaze dị ala karịa metal ntọala dị ka onye na-ere ihe, na-eji mmiri mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, na-ejuputa ọdịiche ahụ, na interdiffusion na metal base iji ghọta njikọ nke weldment.
1. Ịgba ọkụ:
Ọkụ ọkụ dị mma maka brazing nke ihe ndị dị ka carbon ígwè, nkedo ígwè, ọla kọpa na alloys ya. Ọkụ oxyacetylene bụ ire ọkụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
2. Nguzogide brazing
A na-ekewa brazing mgbochi ka ọ bụrụ kpo oku ozugbo na kpo oku na-apụtaghị ìhè. Indirect kpo oku brazing kwesịrị ekwesị maka brazing nke weldments na nnukwu iche na thermophysical Njirimara na nnukwu iche na ọkpụrụkpụ. 3. Induction brazing: Induction brazing na-eji ọkụ ọkụ ngwa ngwa, arụmọrụ dị elu, kpo oku mpaghara, na akpaaka dị mfe. Dị ka usoro nchebe si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya na induction brazing na ikuku, induction brazing na mkpuchi gas na induction brazing na oghere.
Nrụgide nrụgide - usoro ịgbado ọkụ ga-eme ka nrụgide dị na welding, nke kewara n'ime ịgbado ọkụ na-eguzogide na ultrasonic welding.
1. Nguzogide ịgbado ọkụ
Enwere ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ anọ bụ isi, ya bụ ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ, ịgbado ọkụ onuete, ịgbado ọkụ amụma na ịgbado ọkụ. Ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ndị otu efere dị mkpa nke a kpụrụ akpụ na nke a na-akpụ akpụ nke nwere ike ịkwado ya, nkwonkwo anaghị achọ ikuku ikuku, na ọkpụrụkpụ erughị 3mm. A na-eji akwa ịgbado ọkụ n'ọtụtụ ebe na mpempe akwụkwọ ịgbado ọkụ nke ịgbà mmanụ, ite, radiators, ụgbọ elu na tankị mmanụ ụgbọala. A na-ejikarị welding projection maka ịgbado stamping akụkụ nke obere carbon ígwè na ala alloy ígwè. Ọkpụrụkpụ kacha dabara adaba maka ịgbado ọkụ n'elu efere bụ 0.5-4mm.
2. Ultrasonic ịgbado ọkụ
Ultrasonic ịgbado ọkụ bụ ụkpụrụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịgbado ọkụ ọtụtụ thermoplastics.
Oge nzipu: Mar-29-2023
